3月16日出版的第6期《十大菠菜台子》杂志将发表中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席Xi Jinping的重要文章《菠菜台子集合》。
文章强调，Science and technology have never had such a profound impact on the future and destiny of a country as they do today，It has never had such a profound impact on people's lives and well-being。中国要强盛、要复兴，就一定要大力发展科学技术，Strive to become a major scientific center and innovation highland in the world。The situation is pressing, the challenge is pressing, the mission is pressing。我们比历史上任何时期都更需要建设世界科技强国！我国广大科技工作者要把握大势、抢占先机，直面问题、迎难而上，瞄准世界科技前沿，引领科技发展方向，肩负起历史赋予的重任，勇做新时代科技创新的排头兵。
文章指出，要充分认识创新是第一动力，提供高质量科技供给，着力支撑现代化经济体系建设。We must remain committed to independent innovation, strengthen our confidence in innovation, and strengthen our capacity for independent innovation。Independent innovation is the only way for us to climb the world's scientific and technological peak。Key core technologies cannot be acquired, bought or negotiated。只有把关键核心技术掌握在自己手中，才能从根本上保障国家经济安全、国防安全和其他安全。
The article pointed out that it is necessary to comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, improve the efficiency of the innovation system, and focus on stimulating the vitality of innovation。破除一切制约科技创新的思想障碍和制度藩篱，坚持科技创新和制度创新“双轮驱动”，优化和强化技术创新体系顶层设计。We should deeply participate in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, and strive to build a community with a shared future for mankind。
文章指出，要牢固确立人才引领发展的战略地位，全面聚集人才，着力夯实创新发展人才基础。The only way to innovate is to win people。要创新人才评价机制，加快形成有利于人才成长的培养机制、使用机制、激励机制、竞争机制，形成天下英才聚神州、万类霜天竞自由的创新局面。
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Strive to become a major scientific center and innovation highland in the worldXi Jinping
进入21世纪以来，全球科技创新进入空前密集活跃的时期，新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在重构全球创新版图、重塑全球经济结构。以人工智能、量子信息、移动通信、物联网、区块链为代表的新一代信息技术加速突破应用，以合成生物学、基因编辑、脑科学、再生医学等为代表的生命科学领域孕育新的变革，融合机器人、数字化、新材料的先进制造技术正在加速推进制造业向智能化、服务化、绿色化转型，The accelerated development of energy technology with the goal of clean, efficient and sustainable will trigger a global energy revolution，Space and Marine technologies are expanding new frontiers for human survival and development。总之，信息、生命、制造、能源、空间、海洋等的原创突破为前沿技术、颠覆性技术提供了更多创新源泉，学科之间、科学和技术之间、技术之间、自然科学和人文社会科学之间日益呈现交叉融合趋势，Science and technology have never had such a profound impact on the future and destiny of a country as they do today，It has never had such a profound impact on people's lives and well-being。
当前，我国科技领域仍然存在一些亟待解决的突出问题，特别是同党的十九大提出的新任务新要求相比，我国科技在视野格局、创新能力、资源配置、体制政策等方面存在诸多不适应的地方。China's basic science research still has outstanding weaknesses，Enterprises do not pay enough attention to basic research，There is a lack of significant originality，The underlying basic technology and basic process capability are insufficient，工业母机、高端芯片、基础软硬件、开发平台、基本算法、基础元器件、基础材料等瓶颈仍然突出，The situation of subjection of key core technologies to others has not been fundamentally changed。我国技术研发聚焦产业发展瓶颈和需求不够，以全球视野谋划科技开放合作还不够，科技成果转化能力不强。我国人才发展体制机制还不完善，激发人才创新创造活力的激励机制还不健全，顶尖人才和团队比较缺乏。我国科技管理体制还不能完全适应建设世界科技强国的需要，科技体制改革许多重大决策落实还没有形成合力，科技创新政策与经济、产业政策的统筹衔接还不够，全社会鼓励创新、包容创新的机制和环境有待优化。
2018年5月28日，中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会在北京人民大会堂隆重开幕。General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese President and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Xi Jinping attended the meeting and delivered an important speech。Photo by Ju Peng, Xinhua News Agency
中国要强盛、要复兴，就一定要大力发展科学技术，Strive to become a major scientific center and innovation highland in the world。我们比历史上任何时期都更接近中华民族伟大复兴的目标，我们比历史上任何时期都更需要建设世界科技强国！
现在，我们迎来了世界新一轮科技革命和产业变革同我国转变发展方式的历史性交汇期，既面临着千载难逢的历史机遇，又面临着差距拉大的严峻挑战。我们必须清醒认识到，有的历史性交汇期可能产生同频共振，有的历史性交汇期也可能擦肩而过。
The situation is pressing, the challenge is pressing, the mission is pressing。我国广大科技工作者要把握大势、抢占先机，直面问题、迎难而上，瞄准世界科技前沿，引领科技发展方向，肩负起历史赋予的重任，勇做新时代科技创新的排头兵。
第一，充分认识创新是第一动力，提供高质量科技供给，着力支撑现代化经济体系建设。"Mojing" wrote, "the force, the reason why the form is also vigorous", that is, the power is the cause of the movement of objects。要以提高发展质量和效益为中心，以支撑供给侧结构性改革为主线，把提高供给体系质量作为主攻方向，推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革，显著增强我国经济质量优势。要通过补短板、挖潜力、增优势，促进资源要素高效流动和资源优化配置，推动产业链再造和价值链提升，满足有效需求和潜在需求，实现供需匹配和动态均衡发展，改善市场发展预期，提振实体经济发展信心。
The world is entering a period of economic development dominated by the information industry。我们要把握数字化、网络化、智能化融合发展的契机，以信息化、智能化为杠杆培育新动能。要突出先导性和支柱性，优先培育和大力发展一批战略性新兴产业集群，构建产业体系新支柱。We need to deepen the integration of the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence with the real economy and make the digital economy bigger and stronger。要以智能制造为主攻方向推动产业技术变革和优化升级，推动制造业产业模式和企业形态根本性转变，以“鼎新”带动“革故”，以增量带动存量，促进我国产业迈向全球价值链中高端。
Second, we must remain committed to independent innovation, strengthen our confidence in innovation, and strengthen our capacity for independent innovation。Only a confident country and nation can make steady progress on the road to the future。A tree with tall leaves is tied to its deep roots。自力更生是中华民族自立于世界民族之林的奋斗基点，Independent innovation is the only way for us to climb the world's scientific and technological peak。“吾心信其可行，则移山填海之难，终有成功之日；吾心信其不可行，则反掌折枝之易，亦无收效之期也。”创新从来都是九死一生，但我们必须有“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”的豪情。我国广大科技工作者要有强烈的创新信心和决心，既不妄自菲薄，也不妄自尊大，勇于攻坚克难、追求卓越、赢得胜利，积极抢占科技竞争和未来发展制高点。
Practice has repeatedly told us that key core technologies cannot be acquired, bought, or negotiated。只有把关键核心技术掌握在自己手中，才能从根本上保障国家经济安全、国防安全和其他安全。要增强“四个自信”，以关键共性技术、前沿引领技术、现代工程技术、颠覆性技术创新为突破口，敢于走前人没走过的路，努力实现关键核心技术自主可控，把创新主动权、发展主动权牢牢掌握在自己手中。
To build a world scientific and technological power, we must have landmark scientific and technological achievements。We should strengthen strategic guidance and goal-oriented guidance，Strengthen the system capacity for scientific and technological innovation，We will accelerate the construction of first-mover advantages to support high-end leadership，We will strengthen research and deployment on scientific issues of fundamental and global importance，Work hard in key areas, where you can't keep your neck open，Gather the best forces，Make strategic arrangements，Make an early breakthrough，Strive to achieve China's overall level of science and technology from running to parallel, leading the strategic change，Become a leader in important scientific and technological fields，Be a trailblazer at the intersection of emerging frontiers，Create more competitive advantage。要把满足人民对美好生活的向往作为科技创新的落脚点，把惠民、利民、富民、改善民生作为科技创新的重要方向。
2021年2月3日至5日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席Xi Jinping来到贵州考察调研，看望慰问各族干部群众，向全国各族人民致以美好的新春祝福。这是5日上午，Xi Jinping通过视频察看“中国天眼”现场，同总控室的科技工作者代表亲切交流，并向全国广大科技工作者拜年。Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren
Basic research is the source of the whole scientific system。要瞄准世界科技前沿，抓住大趋势，下好“先手棋”，打好基础、储备长远，甘于坐冷板凳，勇于做栽树人、挖井人，实现前瞻性基础研究、引领性原创成果重大突破，夯实世界科技强国建设的根基。We will intensify applied basic research，To promote major scientific and technological projects as a starting point，Get through the "last mile"，Pulling down hedgerows that block industrialization，Dredging the fast track of connecting applied basic research and industrialization，We will promote the precise alignment of innovation and industrial chains，Accelerate the transformation of scientific research results from samples to products to commodities，Make full use of scientific and technological achievements in the cause of modernization。
工程科技是推动人类进步的发动机，是产业革命、经济发展、社会进步的有力杠杆。The majority of engineering and scientific workers should have the spirit of craftsmanship，There must be a spirit of unity，Around the country's major strategic needs，Aiming at economic construction and major engineering science and technology issues related to national security，Keep abreast of the real needs of the people's livelihood in the new era and the needs of military-civilian integration，We will accelerate the transformation and application of the achievements of independent innovation，We will take the initiative in forward-looking and strategic areas。
2020年9月11日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席Xi Jinping在京主持召开科学家座谈会并发表重要讲话。Photo by Yao Dawei, Xinhua News Agency
Third, comprehensively deepen the reform of the science and technology system, enhance the efficiency of the innovation system, and strive to stimulate innovation vitality。Innovation determines the future, and reform concerns the fortunes of the nation。Science and technology are the areas most in need of continuous reform。2014年6月9日，我在两院院士大会讲话中强调，推进自主创新，最紧迫的是要破除体制机制障碍，最大限度解放和激发科技作为第一生产力所蕴藏的巨大潜能。围绕这些重点任务，这些年来，我们大力推进科技体制改革，科技体制改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深发展，科技体制改革主体架构已经确立，重要领域和关键环节改革取得实质性突破。
2015年8月，党中央、国务院出台《菠菜台子集合》，部署了到2020年要完成的143条改革任务，目前已完成110多条改革任务。在科技领域存在的多年来一直想解决但没有能解决的难题方面，我们都取得了实质性突破。同时，There are still some outstanding problems to be solved in the reform of science and technology system，The main reason is that the overall efficiency of the national innovation system is not strong，The problems of scattered, repetitive and inefficient scientific and technological innovation resources have not been fundamentally solved，The phenomenon of "more projects, more hats, more brands" is still prominent，The output benefit of science and technology input is not high，The ability to transfer and transform scientific and technological achievements, realize industrialization, and create market value is insufficient，科研院所改革、建立健全科技和金融结合机制、创新型人才培养等领域的进展滞后于总体进展，The enthusiasm of researchers to carry out original scientific and technological innovation has not been fully stimulated，等等。
This year marks the 40th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up。Our resolve to comprehensively deepen reform in the new era must not waver or weaken。科技体制改革要敢于啃硬骨头，敢于涉险滩、闯难关，破除一切制约科技创新的思想障碍和制度藩篱，正所谓“穷则变，变则通，通则久”。
Adhere to scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation "two-wheel drive"，Problem-oriented，Driven by demand，Work hard in practice carrier, system arrangement, policy guarantee and environment creation，Continue to exert efforts in the areas of innovation subjects, innovation foundations, innovation resources, and innovation environment，Strengthen national strategic scientific and technological strength，We will improve the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system。要优化和强化技术创新体系顶层设计，明确企业、高校、科研院所创新主体在创新链不同环节的功能定位，激发各类主体创新激情和活力。It is necessary to accelerate the transformation of government science and technology management functions and give full play to organizational advantages。
Enterprises are the main body of innovation and the new force to promote innovation and creation。正如恩格斯所说：“社会一旦有技术上的需要，这种需要就会比十所大学更能把科学推向前进。”要推动企业成为技术创新决策、研发投入、科研组织和成果转化的主体，培育一批核心技术能力突出、集成创新能力强的创新型领军企业。要发挥市场对技术研发方向、路线选择、要素价格、各类创新要素配置的导向作用，让市场真正在创新资源配置中起决定性作用。要完善政策支持、要素投入、激励保障、服务监管等长效机制，带动新技术、新产品、新业态蓬勃发展。要加快创新成果转化应用，彻底打通关卡，破解实现技术突破、产品制造、市场模式、产业发展“一条龙”转化的瓶颈。
要高标准建设国家实验室，推动大科学计划、大科学工程、大科学中心、国际科技创新基地的统筹布局和优化。要加快建立科技咨询支撑行政决策的科技决策机制，注重发挥智库和专业研究机构作用，完善科技决策机制，提高科学决策能力。要加快构建军民融合发展体系，完善军民融合组织管理体系、工作运行体系、政策制度体系，清除“民参军”、“军转民”障碍。It is necessary to strengthen the enforcement of intellectual property protection and improve the intellectual property service system。
May 30, 2016，我在全国科技创新大会、两院院士大会、中国科协第九次全国代表大会上的讲话中强调，Efforts should be made to reform and innovate the way scientific research funds are used and managed，Put money at the service of people's creative activities，And can not let people's creative activities for the financial service;We will reform the system for evaluating science and technology，Establish a classification evaluation system oriented on the quality, contribution and performance of scientific and technological innovation，Correctly evaluate the scientific value, technological value, economic value, social value and cultural value of scientific and technological innovation achievements。We have introduced several important reform programs in succession，包括《菠菜台子集合》、《十大菠菜台子》、《菠菜台子集合》、《菠菜台子集合》、《菠菜台子集合》，It has been warmly welcomed by the vast number of scientific and technological workers。大家反映，这些改革还有需要改进的地方，有的还没有完全落地，有关部门要认真听取大家意见和建议，继续坚决推进，把人的创造性活动从不合理的经费管理、人才评价等体制中解放出来。
Fourth, we should deeply participate in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, and strive to build a community with a shared future for mankind。Science and technology are worldwide and epochal, and the development of science and technology must have a global vision。Do not reject the stream, the river sea。自主创新是开放环境下的创新，绝不能关起门来搞，而是要聚四海之气、借八方之力。We should deepen international exchanges and cooperation in science and technology，We will promote independent innovation from a higher starting point，Actively layout and actively use international innovation resources，Strive to build a partnership of win-win cooperation，We should work together to meet common challenges such as future development, food security, energy security, human health and climate change，While achieving its own development, it will benefit more countries and people，Promote balanced development on a global scale。
要坚持以全球视野谋划和推动科技创新，全方位加强国际科技创新合作，积极主动融入全球科技创新网络，提高国家科技计划对外开放水平，积极参与和主导国际大科学计划和工程，鼓励我国科学家发起和组织国际科技合作计划。要把“一带一路”建成创新之路，合作建设面向沿线国家的科技创新联盟和科技创新基地，为各国共同发展创造机遇和平台。要最大限度用好全球创新资源，全面提升我国在全球创新格局中的位势，提高我国在全球科技治理中的影响力和规则制定能力。
第五，牢固确立人才引领发展的战略地位，全面聚集人才，着力夯实创新发展人才基础。Success depends on success, and success depends on success。In all things in the world, human beings are the most precious, and all innovations are made by people。Hard and soft power, in the final analysis, depends on the strength of human resources。全部科技史都证明，谁拥有了一流创新人才、拥有了一流科学家，谁就能在科技创新中占据优势。At present, China's high-level innovative talents are still insufficient, especially the shortage of scientific and technological leaders。人才评价制度不合理，唯论文、唯职称、唯学历的现象仍然严重，名目繁多的评审评价让科技工作者应接不暇，人才“帽子”满天飞，人才管理制度还不适应科技创新要求、不符合科技创新规律。要创新人才评价机制，建立健全以创新能力、质量、贡献为导向的科技人才评价体系，形成并实施有利于科技人才潜心研究和创新的评价制度。Pay attention to the combination of individual evaluation and team evaluation, respect and recognize the actual contribution of all participants in the team。It is necessary to improve the reward system for science and technology, so that outstanding scientific and technological innovation talents can receive reasonable rewards, and unleash the innovation vitality of all types of talents。要通过改革，改变以静态评价结果给人才贴上“永久牌”标签的做法，改变片面将论文、专利、资金数量作为人才评价标准的做法，不能让繁文缛节把科学家的手脚捆死了，不能让无穷的报表和审批把科学家的精力耽误了！
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2018年4月11日至13日，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席Xi Jinping在海南考察。这是4月12日下午，Xi Jinping在国家南繁科研育种基地同袁隆平院士等农业科技人员亲切交谈，了解水稻育制种产业发展和推广情况。Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren
The only way to innovate is to win people。If you get what you want, you must store it in a wide way。We need to foster an enabling environment for innovation，加快形成有利于人才成长的培养机制、有利于人尽其才的使用机制、有利于竞相成长各展其能的激励机制、有利于各类人才脱颖而出的竞争机制，Cultivate fertile soil for the growth of good talents，Let the talent root system more developed，Thrive one crop after another。要尊重人才成长规律，解决人才队伍结构性矛盾，构建完备的人才梯次结构，培养造就一大批具有国际水平的战略科技人才、科技领军人才、青年科技人才和创新团队。要加强人才投入，优化人才政策，营造有利于创新创业的政策环境，构建有效的引才用才机制，形成天下英才聚神州、万类霜天竞自由的创新局面！
※这是Xi Jinping总书记2018年5月28日在中国科学院第十九次院士大会、中国工程院第十四次院士大会上讲话的一部分。
Sources: Xinhua News Agency, Qiushi Magazine
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